How is irradiance typically measured?

Irradiance is defined as the power of solar radiation received by a surface area per unit of area, and it is commonly measured in watts per square meter (W/m²). This measurement indicates how much solar power is incident on a particular area and is essential for assessing the performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems, as higher irradiance values generally lead to increased energy generation by the solar panels.

The units of measurement, watts, represent the rate at which energy is received or produced. When this rate is applied to a specific area, it allows for a standardized assessment of solar energy availability. Thus, measuring irradiance in watts per square meter provides a clear, on-the-ground metric for evaluating energy potential and system design in solar applications.