In a PV source circuit, what happens to voltage when PV modules are connected in series?

When photovoltaic (PV) modules are connected in series, the overall system behavior is characterized by the way voltage and current combine. In a series connection, the voltage output of each individual module adds together, resulting in an increase in the total voltage of the circuit. For example, if each module produces 30 volts and there are three modules in series, the total output voltage would be 90 volts.

However, the current flowing through the circuit remains consistent with the current output of the individual modules because, in a series circuit, the same current flows through each component. Therefore, while the voltage increases, the current does not change; it stays equal to the output current of any one module.

This reflects the fundamental principles of series circuits, where voltage increases with added components, but the current remains the same as it follows a single path through the circuit. This understanding is crucial for correctly sizing and designing PV systems to ensure that components are compatible and that the system operates efficiently.