To optimize winter production for off-grid PV systems, what tilt angle is recommended?

To optimize winter production for off-grid photovoltaic (PV) systems, a tilt angle of Latitude + 15 degrees is recommended. This recommendation is based on the principle that increasing the tilt angle enhances the performance of the solar panels during the lower sun angles typical of winter months.

In winter, the sun is positioned lower in the sky, meaning that a steeper tilt can help capture more sunlight by minimizing the shaded areas and ensuring direct exposure to the sun's rays. By adjusting the tilt to Latitude + 15 degrees, you maximize the incident solar radiation on the panels throughout the winter season, leading to improved energy production.

Calculating the optimal tilt involves taking into consideration the geographic latitude since this is where the solar path changes with the seasons. A tilt that is too shallow may result in less effective solar energy harnessing during the winter months, where the sun's angle requires a steeper incline for optimal capture. This approach of adjusting the tilt at a specific degree above the latitude is well-established in solar energy design to ensure maximum output during times of lower solar availability.