What is considered the worst design flaw for PV systems designed by an inexperienced person?

The most significant design flaw associated with photovoltaic (PV) systems created by inexperienced individuals is the use of multiple orientations within a PV source circuit. When a PV source circuit contains modules that are oriented in different directions, it can lead to several issues related to performance and efficiency.

Different orientations mean that the modules will not receive sunlight uniformly throughout the day. This discrepancy can hinder the ability of the circuit to operate at its maximum power point (MPP), resulting in suboptimal energy production. When modules face various azimuth angles or tilts, the mismatch causes the entire source circuit to be held back by the least performing module, leading to inefficiencies and reduced overall output. This situation can also lead to increased wear on the system components and potentially reduce its lifespan.

In the context of solar design best practices, it is essential to ensure that all modules within a source circuit share similar orientations to guarantee effective energy collection and uniform electrical characteristics. This principal design consideration helps mitigate losses and optimize system performance, making it crucial for those involved in solar energy projects to recognize and properly execute.