What is the definition of a microinverter?

A microinverter is defined as a small inverter that is typically mounted directly behind each photovoltaic (PV) module or integrated within its frame. This design allows each solar panel to operate independently, converting the direct current (DC) generated by the panel into alternating current (AC) that can be used by household appliances or fed into the grid. Because microinverters work at the module level, they can optimize the performance of individual panels, accommodating variations in shading, orientation, or panel condition that might affect overall system efficiency. This contrasts with larger inverters that manage power from multiple panels or strings of panels, making microinverters particularly advantageous in certain installations where shade or irregular panel arrangements are concerns.