What is the function of a charge controller in a PV system?

In a photovoltaic (PV) system, the charge controller plays a crucial role in managing the energy flow into the batteries. Its primary function is to regulate the battery voltage and charge, ensuring that batteries are charged efficiently and safely. This involves preventing overcharging, which can damage the batteries, and allowing for proper charging cycles to maximize battery life and performance. By managing the charging process, the charge controller helps maintain the health of the battery system and ensures that energy storage is optimized for later use.

The other options describe functions that are not associated with charge controllers. Converting DC to AC is typically the job of an inverter, which facilitates the use of solar energy for standard household appliances. Increasing current output isn't a primary function of charge controllers, as they focus on managing voltage and charging rather than amplifying current. Tracking solar irradiance relates to maximizing energy capture from sunlight, which is usually performed by a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system rather than the charge controller itself. Thus, the function of regulating battery voltage and charge is essential and accurately defines what a charge controller does in a PV system.