What is the function of a transformer in electrical systems?

The function of a transformer in electrical systems is primarily to convert one AC voltage to another AC voltage. Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction and are used to step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage levels, which makes them essential for the efficient transmission of electricity over long distances.

In power distribution, the ability to change voltage levels helps minimize energy loss. For example, high voltages are typically used for long-distance transmission to reduce current, thereby minimizing thermal losses in the wires. At the receiving end, transformers can then be used to step down the voltage to a safer, lower level suitable for residential or industrial use.

This function is crucial for maintaining the stability and efficiency of electrical systems, ensuring that power can be distributed where it is needed at appropriate voltage levels. The other options, while potentially relevant to electricity, do not reflect the primary role of a transformer. For example, storing electrical energy or converting AC to DC voltage does not pertain to the function of transformers, nor does the aspect of distributing energy across a grid—these aspects involve different components and technologies in the electrical system.