What is the primary function of an inverter in a PV system?

The primary function of an inverter in a photovoltaic (PV) system is to convert direct current (DC) generated by solar panels into alternating current (AC). This conversion is essential because most electrical appliances and the grid operate on AC. By transforming the DC output from the solar panels into AC, the inverter enables the use of solar energy in homes and businesses that rely on standard electrical systems.

In addition to its conversion function, modern inverters often include features such as maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to optimize energy capture, grid synchronization capabilities, and safety mechanisms to disconnect from the grid during outages. The inverter plays a crucial role in ensuring that the energy produced from solar panels can be effectively utilized or fed into the grid, making its function essential for a functioning PV system.