What is the primary purpose of determining the number of PV modules to connect in series?

Determining the number of photovoltaic (PV) modules to connect in series primarily serves to avoid overvoltage during cold conditions. As temperature decreases, the voltage output of solar panels can increase, particularly in well-lit, cold environments. If too many modules are connected in series, the combined voltage can exceed the maximum input voltage rating of the inverter, leading to potential damage or malfunction. By carefully selecting the number of modules in series, designers can ensure that the system operates safely and efficiently without surpassing the voltage limits set by the inverter specifications.

This consideration of voltage characteristics, especially under varying temperature conditions, is critical for ensuring the longevity and reliability of the solar power system.