What is the primary source for a utility-interactive PV system?

The primary source for a utility-interactive photovoltaic (PV) system is the utility. In such systems, the primary function is to connect and synchronize with the electrical grid, allowing for two-way energy flow. This means that the system can not only supply power to the grid but can also draw from it when necessary.

The utility acts as the primary source of power for the system during periods when the solar output is insufficient, such as at night or during cloudy days. Additionally, any surplus energy produced by the PV system can be fed back into the grid, providing credits or compensation to the PV system owner, depending on the local net metering policies.

Inverters, charge controllers, and PV modules are essential components of the system but serve different roles. The inverter converts the DC electricity produced by the PV modules into AC electricity suitable for the grid. Charge controllers regulate the charging of batteries in off-grid systems, but in a utility-interactive setup, batteries are not a primary component. The PV modules are the source of solar energy in the system, but the utility remains the primary source when considering the overall functionality and operation of a utility-interactive system.