What is the process of turning silicon into a solar cell called?

The process of turning silicon into a solar cell is called doping. This is a crucial step in the manufacturing of solar cells where impurities are intentionally introduced into the silicon crystal structure to alter its electrical properties. The addition of specific elements, such as phosphorus or boron, creates either n-type or p-type silicon. N-type silicon has an excess of electrons, while p-type has an excess of holes (the absence of electrons).

By doping silicon in this manner, the semiconductor material gains the desired electrical conductivity necessary for its function in solar cells. The p-n junction formed between n-type and p-type silicon creates an electric field that helps to separate charge carriers when light strikes the solar cell, allowing for the generation of electricity. This fundamental process is essential for the operation of photovoltaic technology, highlighting the significance of doping in solar energy applications.