What is used to calculate maximum system voltage in a PV system?

The correct answer is temperature, as it is a vital factor in determining the maximum system voltage in a photovoltaic (PV) system. In PV systems, the effect of temperature on the electrical characteristics of the solar panels is significant. Specifically, as temperature increases, the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of a solar panel decreases.

The maximum system voltage is calculated by considering the lowest expected ambient temperature. This is crucial because if the system is installed in an area where temperatures can drop significantly, this could affect the voltage output of the panels when they become significantly colder than their rated operating condition. The maximum system voltage must ensure that the components of the system, such as inverters and circuit breakers, can handle this voltage under various temperature conditions to ensure safe and reliable operation.

Considering this, the parameters related to current, power factor, and resistance do not directly influence the calculation of maximum system voltage in the same way that temperature does, which makes temperature the critical factor in this context.