What type of current do PV modules produce?

Photovoltaic (PV) modules generate direct current (DC) electricity when exposed to sunlight. This happens due to the photovoltaic effect, which occurs when photons from sunlight hit the semiconductor material within the solar cells, causing electrons to be ejected and creating a flow of electric current in one direction. This flow of electrons constitutes DC, meaning that the electrical current moves in a single direction rather than alternating like in AC (alternating current) systems.

Understanding that PV systems produce DC is fundamental for designing and integrating these systems with inverters or other components that may convert the DC output into AC for compatibility with the electrical grid or for powering common household appliances. Other forms of current, such as high frequency or low frequency, are not applicable in the context of standard PV technologies. The most recognized and widely used current type from solar panels remains direct current, emphasizing the importance of this concept in the field of renewable energy and solar technology.