Where are bypass diodes typically located in a photovoltaic system?

Bypass diodes are typically located in the PV module junction box because they play a crucial role in ensuring the module operates effectively in the presence of shading or faults. When a PV module experiences partial shading or a fault occurs, the bypass diodes allow current to bypass the shaded or damaged cells, thus preventing a significant drop in the output of the entire module. This helps to maintain the overall efficiency of the solar array by enabling the unaffected cells to continue to produce electricity.

The placement in the junction box is strategic, as it allows for a compact design while protecting the rest of the module from potential damage due to excessive heat buildup from the shaded or malfunctioning cells. This characteristic is essential for maintaining the performance and longevity of the solar modules.