Which of the following best describes the function of a power optimizer in a PV system?

A power optimizer plays a critical role in enhancing the performance and efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) systems. Its primary function is to maximize the energy output of each individual solar module by ensuring that each module operates at its optimal voltage and current. This is especially important in systems where modules may not receive uniform sunlight due to shading, dirt, or other factors.

By adjusting the operating point of each module, power optimizers minimize mismatch losses that can occur when modules connected in series have differing performance levels. This targeted optimization capability leads to an overall increase in the energy harvested from the PV system, making it particularly beneficial in complex installations where environmental conditions can vary significantly across different modules.

In a broader context, while other components such as inverters and central management systems serve important roles in converting energy types or managing system performance, the specific function of improving individual module performance distinctly identifies the power optimizer’s role in a PV system.