Which type of battery stores energy using chemical reactions between lead and acid?

The correct answer is the flooded lead-acid battery. Flooded lead-acid batteries operate by storing energy through the chemical reactions between lead dioxide (PbO2), sponge lead (Pb), and sulfuric acid (H2SO4). During the discharge process, the lead reacts with the sulfuric acid to produce lead sulfate (PbSO4) and water. This reaction liberates electrical energy, which can then be used to power devices.

Flooded lead-acid batteries are widely used in various applications including photovoltaic (PV) systems for energy storage due to their reliability, affordability, and ability to handle deep discharge cycles. They require regular maintenance, such as checking the electrolyte levels and ensuring that the acid levels are adequate, which is an important aspect of their care.

Other types of batteries mentioned, such as lithium batteries, sealed valve regulated batteries, and nickel-cadmium batteries, utilize different chemistries and mechanisms for energy storage. Lithium batteries work with lithium-ion chemistry, sealed valve-regulated batteries (often a subtype of lead-acid or gel batteries) use a different sealed environment to minimize maintenance, and nickel-cadmium batteries are based on nickel and cadmium reactions. Each type has unique characteristics and applications, but they do not utilize